Reference
Genetics glossary
Plain-language definitions of every trait, gene, and DNA marker behind Biome’s genetic tests. 124 traits, 141 genes, and 117 markers — each one defined, rated by strength of evidence, and cross-linked so you can follow a gene to the traits it shapes and the markers that read it.
Everything here is educational context, framed as tendencies and predispositions — not a diagnosis and not medical advice. See the DNA test and whole genome sequencing for what each product reads.
Traits by category
Food & drink
Taste & smell
Body traits
Ancestry reference context
Vitamins & nutrients
Minerals
- Selenium level
- Blood-calcium set point (CASR)
- Blood calcium via vitamin-D clearance (CYP24A1)
- Blood copper level (SELENBP1)
- Blood copper level (ceruloplasmin gene)
- Magnesium level (MUC1 marker)
- Magnesium level (TRPM6 marker)
- Zinc level (PPCDC marker)
- Zinc level (CA1 marker)
- Iron level (TMPRSS6 marker)
- Iron level (TF marker)
Medication response
- How you metabolize CYP2C19 drugs
- How you metabolize CYP2D6 drugs
- How your body handles some pain medicines
- Skin-reaction risk and dose planning for phenytoin and fosphenytoin
- Genes doctors can use to plan your warfarin dose
- Warfarin dose sensitivity (VKORC1)
- Statin muscle-symptom risk (SLCO1B1)
- Statin & urate-drug transport (ABCG2)
- GLP1R response to GLP-1 weight-loss medicines
- GIPR response to tirzepatide
- How you metabolize CYP2B6 drugs
- How you metabolize CYP3A5 drugs (e.g. tacrolimus)
- Chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidine) tolerance (DPYD)
- Thiopurine drug clearance
- Thiopurine sensitivity
- Bilirubin & drug clearance (UGT1A1)
- Anesthesia reaction risk (CACNA1S)
- Anesthesia reaction risk (RYR1)
- Ivacaftor response (CFTR)
- Medication-triggered red blood cell breakdown (G6PD)
- Quetiapine levels (CYP3A4)
- Anesthesia recovery (muscle relaxants)
Sleep & chronotype
Fitness & performance
Hormone pathways
Stress, longevity & antioxidants
Skin & connective tissue
Cognition & methylation
Weight & metabolism
Gut health
Behavioral
Health risks
- Uric-acid clearance & gout risk (ABCG2)
- Coronary artery disease risk
- Type 2 diabetes risk
- Atrial fibrillation risk
- Osteoporosis risk (bone density)
- Inflammatory bowel disease risk
- Glaucoma risk
- Asthma and allergy risk
- Restless legs syndrome risk
- Late-eating blood-sugar response
- Inherited blood-clot risk
- Inherited iron-overload risk
- APOE Alzheimer's-risk type
- Inherited Parkinson's-risk variants
- Celiac genetic risk type
- Fatty-liver genetic tendency
- Macular degeneration (AMD) risk
- PCOS genetic tendency
Genes
141 gene symbols referenced across the panel.
- ABCC11
- ABCG2
- ACTN3
- ADARB2
- ADCY2
- ADH1B
- ADORA2A
- AHR
- ALDH2
- AMPD1
- APOE
- AR
- ARMS2
- ARNTL
- ATG16L1
- B3
- BCHE
- BCO1
- BDNF
- BMAL1
- BTBD9
- C677T
- CA1
- CACNA1S
- CALCB
- CASR
- CDKN2B-AS1
- CELSR2
- CFH
- CFTR
- CHRNA5
- COL1A1
- COL5A1
- COMT
- COPB1
- CP
- CRF
- CYP19A1
- CYP1A1
- CYP1A2
- CYP24A1
- CYP2B6
- CYP2C19
- CYP2C9
- CYP2D6
- CYP3A4
- CYP3A5
- CYP4F2
- DENND1A
- DIO1
- DIO2
- DMGDH
- DPYD
- EDA2R
- F2
- F5
- FADS1
- FKBP5
- FOXO3
- FSHB
- FTO
- FUT2
- G6PD
- GBA
- GC
- GIPR
- GLP1R
- GLUT9
- GRC
- GSDMB
- GSTM1
- GSTT1
- HERC2
- HFE
- HLA-B
- HLA-DQ2
- HTRA1
- IGF1
- IL1RL1
- IL23R
- IL33
- IRF4
- JMJD1C
- KCNN3
- LCT
- LHCGR
- LPA
- LRRK2
- LTA
- MC4R
- MCM6
- MEIS1
- MMP1
- MTHFR
- MTNR1B
- MUC1
- NOD2
- NUDT15
- OCA2
- OR5
- OR5A2
- ORMDL3
- PCSK9
- PDE3B
- PGS002311
- PITX2
- PNPLA3
- PPARGC1A
- PPCDC
- PSMA1
- PSRC1
- PTPRD
- Q141K
- RXRA
- RYR1
- SELENBP1
- SHBG
- SIX1
- SLC23A1
- SLC2A9
- SLCO1B1
- SOD2
- SORT1
- SOX9
- TAS1R3
- TAS2R16
- TAS2R38
- TCF7L2
- TCN2
- TF
- TM6SF2
- TMCO1
- TMPRSS6
- TNF
- TPMT
- TRIM46
- TRPM6
- UGT1A1
- VKORC1
- ZEB2
- ZFHX3
Markers (rsIDs)
117 DNA variants (dbSNP reference SNP IDs) read across the panel.
- rs671
- rs4680
- rs4880
- rs6025
- rs6265
- rs7412
- rs10046
- rs12722
- rs35767
- rs174537
- rs225014
- rs307355
- rs429358
- rs601338
- rs602662
- rs669453
- rs713598
- rs738409
- rs846664
- rs855791
- rs921943
- rs992969
- rs1047781
- rs1061170
- rs1229984
- rs1333049
- rs1360780
- rs1385699
- rs1532423
- rs1570669
- rs1726866
- rs1799750
- rs1799761
- rs1799807
- rs1799945
- rs1799963
- rs1800012
- rs1800028
- rs1800437
- rs1800562
- rs1800629
- rs1801133
- rs1801198
- rs1801725
- rs1803274
- rs1815739
- rs2066844
- rs2066845
- rs2066847
- rs2108622
- rs2120019
- rs2187668
- rs2200733
- rs2231142
- rs2235544
- rs2241880
- rs2282679
- rs2472297
- rs2769264
- rs2802292
- rs3798220
- rs3811647
- rs4072037
- rs4410790
- rs4481887
- rs4656461
- rs4795399
- rs4977756
- rs4988235
- rs5751876
- rs7193343
- rs7442295
- rs7454108
- rs7501331
- rs7903146
- rs7904615
- rs7910927
- rs8192678
- rs9923231
- rs9939609
- rs10246939
- rs10305420
- rs10427255
- rs10455872
- rs10483727
- rs10490924
- rs10818854
- rs10822184
- rs10830963
- rs11031006
- rs11144134
- rs11209026
- rs11591147
- rs12150660
- rs12203592
- rs12740374
- rs12777823
- rs12913832
- rs13376333
- rs13405728
- rs16969968
- rs17602729
- rs17782313
- rs17822931
- rs33972313
- rs34637584
- rs35691438
- rs58542926
- rs61902559
- rs72823641
- rs72921001
- rs75017182
- rs76763715
- rs113851554
- rs115366859
- rs116058752
- rs200157007
This glossary is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Genetic results describe tendencies and predispositions, not diagnoses. Always consult a licensed clinician before making decisions about your health, medications, or supplements.